By Sanka Chandima Abayawardena from Brussels
The rights of people of all genders are a topic of great importance to
all civilizations in history, so it also has been an important pivot to the
civilization in Sri Lanka for thousands of years. The topic has come up with
new life in recent years, as particularly the Sinhalese population started to
put greater focus onto learning about their heritage. The generations born
after 1956[1]
desired the restoration of their heritage, which they felt was lost to outside
intervention. Since the year 2000[2],
many young people see the need to revive their cultural heritage and uphold
their social independence. This new trend has no racial or religious
boundaries. In this discussion, finding out about our personal opinions on
women rights is very important.
In this discussion we can identify three major groups. (a). Those who
misidentify our heritage with Victorian and Christian values introduced by
European invaders and aggressively promote a dead Victorian ideal as the new role
model for future Sri Lanka; (b) those who support Western supremacy and
Colombo-centered feminist groups who mirror European campaigns as a means to seem
important and elitist over the larger rural population[3];
(c) those who know the difference between the real Sri Lankan heritage[4]
of liberal social values in association with Buddhist and Hindu principles and
the nature of our post-Victorian cultural practices today, but want to move
forward through a flexible discussion for a modernist feminist agenda that has
people’s ownership. Only through a popular movement can we effectively ensure
and sustain equality between men and women.
The first group constitutes the majority and is most powerful. The
second group is the most supremacist and allows themselves to be used as tools
for the larger geo-political agenda to keep Sri Lanka in the Western camp to
prevent an Asian revival[5]. I belong to the smallest and least influential third group. However, I
have the firm belief that Sri Lanka needs an agenda that is firmly grounded in
the mind of our populace and learns from our heritage as one of the most
sexually and socially liberal civilizations in the ancient world, instead of an
agenda parachuted from on us from outside. We all have read about the rights to
property, education, leadership and governance that Sri Lankan women had a long
time ago. We know that our economic and political life was not directly run by
a religious institution such as in Europe. However, we must not forget that the
socio-economic conditions have long been changed, and so have the religious-cultural
practices that shape them. Therefore, our generation needs to develop a
modernized view on gender rights instead of trying to reestablish cultural
practices, which we falsely perceive as pure or authentic in our minds.
The idea that in history men got prominence over women because men used
to provide for women and children is utterly wrong and based on a false understanding
of our own history. In most societies, women were as active as men in their societies and in
many cases women had more power than men. Then however organized religion made
it possible for a few men to take power to their hands. From Greek mythology to Hindu practices, women were then treated like
sub-humans to keep the power concentrated in a few men from elite classes. Greek
men called women “demonic”. You can find similar or worse practices in Islam or
in Eastern religions such as in certain schools of Hinduism.
If we truly want to establish equality between people of all genders, we
have to demolish these practices based on religious dogma in our cultures and
understand that we need to change the power structure of our societies. The baseless
discrimination of women is similar in origin to the baseless class divisions in
our societies, especially in Hindu and Sinhalese populations. The Sinhala
Buddhist population must realize that some of the things that they think are
Buddhist and cultural are not Buddhist and Sinhalese at all.
It is important to understand the impact of the institutionalized church
under different European invaders on our opinions. The popular and strong
opinion on the sanctity of marriage between a man and a woman can be pointed
out as obvious effects. Whatever influence it may be, today large parts of our
society think that women are the property of men and their social roles are
inferior to men in general. Nothing has been more negatively affected by this
view than the political participation of women. Sexism runs strongly to a
level that can only be described as disgusting. The media takes all the effort
to improve their ratings by appealing to these popular and discriminative
Victorian ideals. One would often find local police officers assuming a
Victorian police culture through British imposed laws. It is true that the
socialist and Buddhist nature of our government and social system has helped us
in some areas and as a result women in Sri Lanka still enjoy considerable
freedoms compared to other countries in the region. However, the lack of
understanding of the true nature of some of our cultural elements that govern
our attitude towards social equity in the current Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim cultures
has put a powerful barrier to moving forward towards establishing gender
equity.
The elites of these communities and the small but ultra-powerful urban
neo-liberals have made no efforts to create a local base for the agenda of
gender equity. Meanwhile the religious groups interpret modernity out of their
books that are outdated by more than by a millennium. This can be seen in the
disturbing attempts to mainstream the Burka for Muslim women or backward
opposition to the promotion of contraceptives in the South and in the North.
The Sinhala Buddhist community as the developers of the Sri Lankan
civilization must find means to reject outdated religious and Victorian dogma.
They must find ways to deal with the crisis of interpretation of what is
actually the Sinhala Buddhist heritage of social and sexual relations and why
they moved from one of the freest and most liberal communities to the status
they are in today. They must understand that Sri Lanka needs to advance their
true heritage to suit the modernist need of gender equity. Tamil and Muslim
communities must make the same efforts to advance gender equality and reject
practices that don’t fit anymore the modern world. They, just like Sinhalese
must move away from cultural norms that differentiate between men’s and women’s
rights. No matter how difficult this job
may be, it is even more difficult for Muslims, not just because of cultural
differences and social pressure being a minority, but also because of the
religious pressure put on them by external factors like the US and Saudi
Arabia.
The Muslim population in Sri Lanka, just like everywhere else in the
world, faces a challenge of reforming their religious interpretations.
Therefore, it is important that they understand that the need for treating men
and women equally is not meant as a threat against them. It is only by
understanding what we are as a community and what is the true heritage of Sri
Lankan culture that we can start developing our own knowledge for a modernist
agenda for equality. This is the most effective and sustainable path towards
recognizing that people of all genders are human beings with the same rights. We must refrain from assuming religious and
cultural differences in fundamental rights of different people.
We cannot set people free by continuously imposing the discriminative
and sexist ideals we have in our heads, which we identify as ours, but are
given to us by religious dogma or a foreign occupation. Sri Lanka has a great
opportunity to change the status of men and women, now that the connectivity of
people and free flow of information is on the rise. It is high time to smash
Victoria and her idiots and banish them out to the sea. If we as a country,
especially the young people who are the spearhead of the information
revolution, can be made aware of and be educated on the three main questions,
(1) Who are we, (2) What are we doing now, (3) What should we do for us, the
issue of gender equity can come to a peaceful resolution. If we can create such
a strong base for our social development to move forward, we will be able to
develop a sustainable and stronger society that all people can support and feel
part of. My intention is to see this happen. I know that many others out there
want the same - to have freedom that can be made ours, not theirs; an agenda
that would serve us as a community in a small island nation, not the
geo-political interests of regional and global powers who wish to use us in
their game in the Indian Ocean.
[1] People elect the first Government with true socialist and nationalist
tendencies.
[2] The year first people born in to the war started their adulthood
who had witness the Indian military intervention, brutality of the conservative
governments crack down of leftist insurgency in 1989-1992
[3] Feminist movement in Europe is a result of unprecedented
discrimination of women and responds a set of unique issues in society to
ensure gender equity. A feminist movement in Sri Lanka should understand the
social issues in Sri Lanka and what cultural and social conditions trigger them
and address them effectively. While goals of such a movement can be the same as
in rest of the world, the strategies at tactical level must be Sri Lankan.
[4] Sri Lanka historically was the complete opposite of the Victorian
society which we cherish so much today. At one point level of our Sexual and social
freedom was one of the most liberal in the ancient world.
[5] West rules the world because of the dictatorial dominance they
maintain in knowledge and development of knowledge in the world. It can be
argued today’s feminist movement is a extension of this domination rather than
a natural extension of the true global need. This is why we must found our own modernization movement that is
grounded.
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